In Walmart, women make up 2/3rds of hourly employees.......1/3rd of management.....?

I thought women in management was far less than the 1/3rd that you state. There are a lot of women in especially low priced retail stores. But most of the other stores strive to hire from within. What I wanted to do is to respond to your reply to Ghost. They have a single pay scale (a range) for both men and women, so it appears to most people that the pay is the same. But two things happen. First off, nothing says that a new or promoted employee must start at the beginning or lowest part of the range. So one way to discriminate is that the women is offered a lower salary, perhaps right at the lowest possible salary while men are given somewhat more than that. It also occurs on raises, a woman might get a smaller (or even equal) raise but will still be at a smaller salary. z